Constant cukkent dynamo



(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. J. WOOD.

CONSTANT CURRENT DYNAMO. No. 531,821. Patented Jan. 1, 1895. FIG. 12.FIG. 73.

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(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 2,

J. J. WOOD. CONSTANT CURRENT DYNAMO.

No. 531,821. Patented Jan. 1,1895.

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WITNESSES: INVENTOR:

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(No-Model.)

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J. J. WOOD. CONSTANT CURRENT DYNAMO.

Patented Jan. 1, .1895...

WITNESSES:

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By his Aliomeys,

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. J. WOOD.

CONSTANT CURRENT DYNAMO.

Patented Jan. 1, 1895.

INVENTOR:

WITNESSES:

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CONSTANT CURRENT DYNAMO.

No. 531,821. Patented Jan. 1,1895.

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CONSTANT CURRENT DYNAMO.

No. 531,821. Patented Jan. 1, 1895:

FIG. 18. H 19" W g z 7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES J. WOOD, OF FORT IVAYNE, INDIANA.

CONSTANT-CURRENT DYNAMO.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 531,821, dated January1, 1895.

Application filed July 3, 189 1. SerialNo. 516,412. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAMES J. WOOD, a citi zen of the United States,residing at Fort WVayne, Allen county, Indiana, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Constant-Current Dynamos, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to dynamo electric machines designed to generatea constant current againsta varying line resistance, or what arecommonly called are light dynamos, and usually employed for feeding acircuit of arc lamps.

The machine produced by my present invention is a development of thewell known Wood arc dynamo with automatic regulator as disclosed in myPatents No. 418,302, dated December 31, 1889, and No. 420,138, datedJanuary 28, 1890. The construction of machine shown in those patents hasbeen embodied in dynamos of varying sizes adapted for feeding from oneto eighty or one hundred arc lamps of two thousand candle power.

My present invention is more particularly designed for dynamos of largercapacity, such as those feeding from one hundred and twenty-five lampsupward, although applicable to smaller sizes if desired.

My present construction retains in essential particulars the moreimportant features of the current regulator shown in my Patent No.418,302, but the particular construction of the regulating mechanism hasbeen greatly varied, with a view to rendering it more perfeet andenduring in its operation.

My present invention also renders the regulator dead heat in its action,without recourse to any retarder or fan such as is claimed in my saidPatent No. 420,138.

My invention also relates in parts to other features of dynamos, all aswill be fully hereinafter set forth.

I will now proceed to describe the preferred embodiment of my inventionas illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a sideelevation of the dynamo. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof looking fromthe commutator end and showing part of the regulator. Fig. 3 is avertical mid-section thereof cut on the line 33 in Fig. 2. Fig. i is avertical section on a larger scale cut through the bearing pedestal atthe commutator end, the plane of the section being on the line 1-4 inFig. 5. Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the same pedestal andadjacent parts on nearly the same plane as Fig. 3, of which it is mainlyan enlargement, the section being on the line 5-5 in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is afragmentary horizontal section in the plane of the line 66 in Fig. 5.Fig. 7 is a similar section to Fig. 5 and in substantially the sameplane but on a larger scale to show the regulating mechanism more indetail. Figs. 8 and 9 are vertical transverse sections on a scaleintermediate of Figs. 3 and 5, and

on line 3-9 in Fig. 3, the commutator being removed. Fig. 8 shows themachine arranged to be driven to the lert, and Fig. 9 to the right. Fig.10 shows the brush yokes and their connections in Fig. 8 separated. Fig.11 is a fragmentary section on the-line 11-11 in Fig. 5, being on thesame scale as Fig. 5. Figs. 12 and 13 are face views of the two parts ofone of the friction clutches. Fig. 1 1 is a face view of the clutchoperating lever looking in the same direction as Fig. 1. Fig. 15 is atransverse section through part of the pedestal on the line 15 in Fig.i. Fig. 16 is an elevation of the inner side of the pedestal door orhandle cover. Fig. 17 is a fragmentary section of the latter on the line1717 in Fig. 16. Figs. 18 and 19 are respectively vertical transverseand longitudinal sections through one of the shaft bearings showing theshaft partly raised, both these being on the same scale as Fig. 5, andFig. 19 being a section in the same plane as Fig. 5, while Fig. 18 is asection on the line 18-18 in Fig. 19. Fig. 20 is an end elevation of thearmature spider and core. Fig. 21 is a diametrical section of the twoparts of the armature spider separated. Fig. 22 is abottom view of oneof the lower field-magnet coils; and Fig. 23 is a vertical sectionthereof on the line 2323.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, A designates the main frame or fixed metalliccircuit of the fieldmagnet, B B the field-magnet coils, and O O thefield-magnet pole-pieces. D is the armature mounted on the armatureshaft K. E is the commutator. F F are the main commutator brushes, and GG are the supplemental brushes.

As for the general arrangement of the principal parts of the machine,the field-magnet ICO is a quadrangle with consequent poles as in myprevious are machines, differing from them only in being mounted on itsend instead of its side, the lower end being made integral with amachine base A, and the upper end being a cross yoke. The shaft Kinstead of extending in the same plane as the quadrangle, is turned sothat its axis is perpendicular thereto, and to support it two bearingpedestals are provided lettered O 0, these pedestals rising from thebase A. This base rests upon a sub-base B, which is fastened down to thefoundation. The main base A has a sliding connection with the sub'baseso that it may he slid in either direction in order to tighten or loosenthe driving belt, as is usual with dynamos, the means shown for thispurpose consisting of an operating lever (Figs. 1 and 2) acting througha pawl upon a ratchet wheel fixed upon a screw 7t turning in fixedhearings on the sub-base B and engaging a threaded hole in the main baseA in a well known manner.

In. their general features the armature and commutator are the same asheretofore constructed, and call for no description. The armature has aGramme ring winding upon a wire wound core.

The main commutator brushes F F are carried as usual in insulatedholders mounted on opposite arms of the main brush carrying yoke H. Thesupplemental brushes G G are in like manner carried in opposite arms ofa supplemental carrier yoke H. The yokes H H, best shown in Fig. 10,turn on a bearing ring Ct (Fig. 5) constituting an inward prolongationor boss fixed to the inner side of the shaft bearing on the pedestal O.The two brush yokes are confined on this bearing ring between oppositeflanges, and are loosely mounted so that they can turn or slide aroundon the bearing ring independently of each other. Instead of these brushyokes being formed with toothed sectors engaged by differential pinionsrevolved through a friction clutch by the regulating mechanism as in myformer construction, they are operated in different manner by themechanism which I will now proceed to describe.

Each yoke has screwed or otherwise fastened to it an arm lettered n forthe yoke H, and n for the yoke Il.- (See Fig. 10.) To these arms arejointed rods h h which extend downward (see Fig. 8) and are jointed attheir lower ends to opposite arms of a lever or tilting beam Q. For areason hereinafter stated, one of these rods is connected in a holej inthe end of one arm of this lever, while the other end is connected in aslot j in the other arm of the lever, so that the effective portions ofthe lever arms are of unequal length, and differential movements areimparted to thetwo rods and their connected yokes by the oscillations ofthe lever. The lever Q in addition to its two opposite arms each with ahole j in its end and a slot 9' nearer the center, is formed with atoothed sector q with which meshes a pinion q fixed on the end of arevolving shaft J having a suitable bearing formed in the pedestal 0. Onthe opposite portion of this shaft within the hollow of the pedestal, isfixed a disk or wheel 1), and on the end portion of the shaft so that itmay freely turn thereon, is mounted a wheel 0. The disk I) and wheel 0are normally locked together so as to necessarily turn as one. The wheela has external gear teeth which mesh with a pinion f which is fixed on arevolving shaft f, on which also are fixed two friction clutch cones N Nwhich engage frictionally with interior coned flanges on clutch wheels 9and *5 respectively. turns freely in bushings fixed in a small bearingframe or pedestal It, and the clutch wheels g 2' turn freely on theouter surfaces of these same bushings. The wheels g t' are revolvedconstantly in opposite directions, the wheel vi turning at a somewhatfaster speed than the wheel g. The wheel 9 has peripheral gear teeth gwith which mesh the teeth of a pinion a (see Fig. 4) which pinion isfixed on a short shaft 19 (see Figs. 5 and 6) which turns in a bearingformed on a bracket of the pedestal R, and on which shaft is fixedlyattached a belt'pulleyp by means of which it is driven by a belt from asmaller pulley p fixed on the armature shaft K. The shaft 19 is thusdriven preferably at a somewhat slower speed than the armature shaft.The pinion a in addition to driving the clutch wheel g, also meshes withand drives a pinion 7' (see Figs. at and 6) fixed on a short shaft 0',on the other end of which shaft is fixed a pinion 0* which meshes (seeFig. 7) with gear teeth 1." formed on the periphery of the clutch wheelt', by which the latter wheel is driven. The shaft 0" is with theproportions shown rotated at the same speed as the shaft p, but by thepinion r being larger than the pinion r, the wheel t' is driven at aslightly more rapid rate than the wheel g.

The shaftfis capable of a short longitudinal sliding movement in itsbearings, being controlled by a clutch lever I, pivoted at t to anoverhanging arm on the pedestal R, andextending thence upward within thepedestal 0. At its end it is connected to a spring S, which exerts aconstant tensile stress in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5, thistension being adjustable by means of the nut S. The lever I is alsoconnected by means of the link Z (adjustable in length) to one arm of anelbow-lever L, the opposite arm of which projects through the pedestaland is connected by a link to the armature or movable member M of theregulating magnet or solenoid M. This magnet is of the same constructionas in my previous machines, and its coils are connected in the same wayin the outside or main circuit or line, so that its magnetization varieswith the current. Its attraction for its armature is resisted by thetension of the spring S as formerly. For sustaining the weight of thear- The shaft 1" IIO mature M and its cores, the horizontal arm of thelever L and the intervening link, independently of the spring S, aseparate leafspring 3 is introduced pressing upwardly against thehorizontal arm of the lever L. For convenience in construction andmounting, a bearing block if is provided fastened against the side ofthe pedestal O, and having bracket arms extended inwardly between whichthe lever L is fulcrumed, its horizontal arm projecting out through ahole in the hearing block 25, the opposite margins of which serve asstops to limit the opposite movements of the lever, and consequently ofthe armature M. The spring 3 is attached to the same bearing block. Foradjusting the spring S it is connected to a sliding screw-rod 3 passingthrough a hole in the blockt and receiving on its threaded end anadjusting nut S which bears against the face of the block.

Before describing the operation of the reg ulator, I Will remark thatitis not essentially changed from that in my aforesaid Patent No.418,302. The regulation is effected by an automatic adjustment of thebrushes around the commutator to move them toward or from the positionwhere they take off the maximum current. This position with reference tothe main brushes F F is indicated approximately by the dotted line w-a:in Figs. 4, 8 and 9. When the main brushes touch the commutator on thisline with the supplemental brushes G G touching at certain distances inadvance of them, the maximum current is delivered to the line. To cutdown the current the brushes are moved forward (that is, in thedirection of rotation of the commutator) until the main brushes F Ftouch the commutator at a position of minimum current where the leastcurrent is delivered to the line. As the main brushes are thus advancedtoward the mini mum position, it is essential in order to preventsparking or arcing at the commutator, that the supplemental brushes G Gshall be ad- Vanced at a slower rate, so that in the position of minimumcurrent each supplemental brush G shall be closer to its main brush F,or shall bridge or short-circuit a less number of commutator segments,than when in the position of maximum current. To accomplish this adifferential motion is necessarily given to the main and supplementalbrushes respectively. These essentials are fully set forth in myaforesaid patents, as well as in my Patent No. 418,303, dated December31, 1889.

The operation may now be understood.

1 will start with the assumption that the dynamo is running normally atthe proper speed and generating its normal current. Under thesecircumstances the attraction of the magnet M will be exactly balanced bythe retractive stress of the spring S, so that the clutch-lever I willbe in equilibrium and will occupy substantially a mid position. In thisposition the two clutch cones N and N are both out of contact with thefriction surfaces of the clutch wheels g and t, and consequently Wheels9 and i, all of which parts revolve continuously. If the current shoulddecrease in volume (caused either by increasing the resistance oftheline by turning in more lamps, or by a lowering of the speed ofrotation of the dynamo) the attraction of the magnet M would becomeless, and the tension of the spring S would preponderate, therebydrawing the clutch-lever I toward the left in Figs. 5 or 7, so that itsforked lower arm slides the shaft f toward the right and forces theclutch cone N into frictional engagement with the clutch wheel g.Instantly the shaft fis rotated in the same direction as the wheel g,that is, in the direction of the arrow ,2 in Fig. 4, and this rotationis communicated to the wheels 0 and b, which are turned in the directionof the arrow z in Figs. 4 and 11, and consequently the pinion q isturned in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 9, thereby rocking thelever Q, pushing up the rod h, and pulling down the rod h, therebycausing both the main com mutatorbrushes F Fand the supplementalcommutator brushes G G to travel backward over the commutator toward theposition of maximum current. This travel of the brushes will continueuntil the increase of the current restores it to the normal am perage,or until the position of maximum current is reached. In the former casethe magnet M regains its normal power and thrusts back the clutch-leversufficiently to disconnect the clutch N g and stop the regulatingmechanism. In the latter case (which occurs only when the machine isoverloaded or underspeeded) the regulator would strive to carry thebrushes beyond the position of maximum current, and to prevent this thebrush propelling mechanism is thrown out of engagement in the mannershown in Fig. 11, that is to say by precisely the same means as thatclaimed in my said Patent No. 418,302, the parts shown in Fig. 11beinglettered the same as in that patent. Briefly described, the loosewheel 0 is connected to the wheel I) by two opposite friction pawls d epressed apart by a spring, so that normally the wheel 0 drives the wheelI) in either direction until either limit of movement of the brushes isreached, whereupon arm (1 (or e) projecting from the pawl d (or e)strikes a fixed stop m and tilts the pawlsufliciently to throw it out ofaction and stop the rotation of the wheel I), and consequently themovement of the brushes, while permitting the wheel 0 to continue torevolve idly in obedience to the continued tendency of the regulatingmechanism. The pawl d is thrown out of action in the manner describedwhen the brushes reach the position of maximum current, while onreaching the opposite limit of movement or position of minimum current,the pawl e is thrown out of action. If the current should increase involume (owing to a decrease of the resistance in the circuit by cuttingout one or more lamps, or to the dynamo being driven at too high aspeed) the attraction of the magnet M will increase and its stress willpreponderate over the tension of the spring S, whereby it will exert athrust through the link Z against the clutch lever 1, thereby movingthis lever so that its forked lower arm thrusts the shaft f toward theleftin Fig. 5, thereby pressing the clutch cone N into frictionalengagement with the clutch wheel t'. Immediately upon this engagementthe shaftfis revolved in the opposite direction to that last described,but somewhat faster, and through the pinion f it revolves the wheels 0Z; in the direction of the dotted arrow in Fig. 11, consequently causingthe lever Q to tilt in the opposite direction so as to pull down the rodh and push up the rod h, thereby causing the brushes to advance alongthe commutator toward the position of minimum current. This movementwill continue either until the current is reduced to the normal,whereupon the equilibrium between the magnet M and spring S is restored,and the clutch N 11 is thrown out of engagement, and the brushpropelling .nechanism stopped; or until the position of minimum currentis reached, whereupon the pawl Q will be disconnected on striking thestop m as already described, so as to stop the further movement of thebrushes. Because of the risk attending an excessive current the movementfor thus reducing the currentis made more rapid than that for increasingit.

It is at times desirable to throw the regulator out of actiontemporarily, as for example when the dynamo is running below its normalspeed, or when it is working against a higher resistance on the linethan constitutes its normal load. Under these circumstances the magnet Mbeing weak, the superior tension of the spring S would keep the brushshifting mechanism in action after carrying the brushes to the maximumposition, and after the disconnection of the clutch pawl d (see Fig.11), the regulating mechanism revolving thus continuously (as-long asthe machine is operating under such conditions) in a fruitless effort tocarry the brushes to a position where a larger current would be takenoff. To provide for throwing the regulator out of action under suchcircumstances, I adopt essentially the same movable stop as the stop Pclaimed in my said Patent No. 420,138. This stop P I now construct as ahook which is pivoted to a boss formed on the bearing block 25, and thehooked end of which is adapted upon turning the stop up by hand toengage a pin 75' projecting from the lever L. When the machine isunderspeeded or overloaded, the operator will turn up the hook andengage it with the lever in the manner shown in Fig. 5. Upon thecessation of the abnormal condition, that is, upon the restoration ofthe normal current, the magnet M by reacquiring its normal strength,pulls down the lever L, and thereby relieves the hook P of the strain ofholding this lever, whereupon the hook falls down by its own weight tothe position shown in Fig.7. Thus the stop automatically removes itself,and does not interfere with the necessary action of the regulator incase it becomes necessary for it to act to reduce the current.

To insure the absolute sparklessuess of the commutator, it is essentialthat the brushes shall be adjusted exactly to the correct position, andthat the main and supplemental brushes shall be given exactly thedifferential movement necessary to maintain them properly spaced in allpositions to which they may be adjusted. ltiscustomary to set thebrushesin their brush holders by a gage with a certain uniform projection. Thisbeing done, it is necessary to bring the brush carrying yokes to suchpositions as to cause the brushes to bear at the proper places upon thecommutator. To provide for this adjustment 1 make the rods 72. hextensible in length in any suitable manner, preferably by constructingeach rod with a tubular or socket portion to into which thescrewthreaded end of the rod screws, being fastened in place therein bya set-nut u, as shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10.

This adjustment may be made by swinging the lever Q to either limit ofits movement, and then elongating or shortening each of the rods h h, asmay be necessary to bring the respective brush carrying yokes to theproper positions to cause the brushes to bear in the proper places uponthe commutator.

The adjustment of the relative speeds of the main andsupplementalbrushes, or their velocity ratio, is effected by means ofthe elongated slot j. The main brush yoke if being connected by the rod72. to the holej in the end of the lever Q, is moved with a certaininvariable speed relatively to the brush driving mechanism; but thesupplemental brush yoke H, which is necessarily moved at a slower speed,being connected by the rod h to the slot j in the lever Q, its velocityratio is adjustable by setting its connecting stud to differentpositions in the slot j. If it is found that for the conditions of anyparticular machine the supplemental brush yoke requires to be moved at aslower velocity ratio, the connecting stud is set nearer the axialcenter of the lever; and vice versa. By means of these adjustments theslightly varying con ditions peculiar to each dynamo may be compensatedfor, and each machine thereby rendered entirelysparkless under allnormal conditions of regulation.

Another novel feature introduced by my present invention, is theconstruction of the machine so thatit may be adapted to be driven ineither direction. The conditions as to location and source of powerunder which the dynamo is erected often dictate the direction ofrotation which is most desirable or IOC IIO

convenient, and it is therefore advantageous to construct the machine sothat by an easily effected adjustment it may be set up so as to revolveeither to the right or to the left. To this end my invention introducesthe features of construction shown best in Figs. 8, 9 and 10. Fig. 8shows the machine mounted to revolve to the left, while Fig. 9 shows itrevolving toward the right, as is shown also in Figs. 1 to 5.

Each yoke H and H is constructed with two screw sockets, into either ofwhich the arm n or a may be screwed, the other socket being closed byscrewing in a tap-screw or filler c or o, as shown in Fig. 10. The leverQ has the holej and slot j duplicated upon each of its horizontal arms,as shown. When a machine is to revolve toward the right, the parts areconnected up in the manner shown in Fig. 9, and as shown also in Fig. 4.If the machine is to be driven in the opposite direction, the maximumline 50-00 of course swings to the opposite side of the center, and thebrushes and brush holders have to be turned on their studs to theopposite side. These changes necessitate that the yokes H H shall beswung to the position shown in Fig. 8. To make this change the two arms71 n are unscrewed from the yokes, as also are the filling screws 1) v.The brush holders being removed, the yoke H is swung around by carryingits right hand arm in Fig. 9 downward past the right-hand arm of theyoke H, and then swinging the two yokes together until they are broughtto the position shown in Fig.8. The conducting cables to w are givenample slack to admit of this movement. The yokes having been brought tothis new position, the arms 02 n are screwed back into the yokes, but inthe opposite holes, that is to say, in the holes which previously wereoccupied by the filling screws 1; o; and the other holes now left vacantare filled by screwing in the screws '0 'u in order to exclude dirt. Therods h h are then connected to the arms n n at their upper ends, and attheir lower ends they are alternated in position relatively to the leverQ, that is to say, the arm which formerly was connected to the hole atthe end of the lever is now connected in the slot, and vice versa, thenew connections thus made being as shown in Figs. 8 and 10. It will beunderstood that the screw arm n at the right in Fig. 9, which before thechange connects with the yokeH,is connected after the change to the yokeH, and consequently it thereby becomes the arm n, it being to compensatefor this reversal of its action that the right hand rod which in Fig. 9connects with the slot j, is disconnected therefrom and connected to thehole j, so that it becomes the rod 77. as shown in Fig. 8. The efiect isthe same as though the rods h h and arms a n were wholly disconnectedand reversed in position from right to left, or vice versa and againreconnected. These connections are easily and quickly made in theoriginal setting up of the machine, it being ordinarily then known inwhich direction the machine is to revolve; and the adjustments of lengthof the rods h h to bring the brush yokes to position, and the adjustmentin the slot j to impart the proper velocity ratio are afterward made.

Instead. of constructing the lever Q with duplicate holes j and slotsj,it might be constructed so as to turn it around end for end ineffecting the change of direction of rotation just described.

In my present construction the bearing ring or collar a for the brushyokes, instead of being applied against a solid frame, is fixed againstthe inner end of the bearing box T formed on the pedestal 0 (Fig. 5). Asthis box has a removable bearing cap T, the collar a, is fastened onlyto the lower half of the bearing box, in order that the bearing cap maybe removed independently of the collar a. The bearing cap T is fastenedto the pedestal by four screws, by removing which the cap may be slidoutwardly away from the commutator sufficiently to get its inner end 25out from underthe upper half of the collar (1, after which the cap maybe liftedol'f. This removal of the cap does notdisturb the brush yokes,which remain guided and held in place on the collar a by thesemicircular abutting face of the lower half of the bearing box T. Toenable the cap T to be thus slid outward, the outer collar-u (Fig. 5) onthe upper half U of the bearing brass or bushing U, is cut away as shownin Fig. 4 at two points opposite the inwardly projecting ribs y y on thebearing cap, by which the bushingis held in place. After thus removingthe bearing cap T, the upper half U of the bushing may be taken off byremoving the screws which unite it to the lower half of the bushing, andlifting it out. This may be necessary in order to get at the bearing incase it be found that any persistent heating occurs indicating a want ofsmoothness in the hearing. If the difficulty is not found in the upperhalf U of the bushing, it is presumed to exist in the lower half U, andfor removing this the shaft K may be lifted in the manner shown in Figs.18 and 19. It is to provide for thus lifting the shaft that the innermargin or opening of the collar a is made eccentric, as shown at ac inFigs. 5, 8 and 9. This eccentricity should be such as to permit theshaft to' be thus lifted high enough so that by lifting up the lowerhalf of the bushing U against the shaft journal, a tubular downwardprojection 7.0 from this half bushing which projects between the twosupporting ribs o 12 may be carried above these ribs, so that by thenturning the half bushing around against the journal it may be carriedout of the box. The upper supporting arms may be notched, if necessary,to more easily permit the passage of the projection u Either end of theshaft may be lifted in this manner, while the other end remainsjournaled in its bearing,

the mounting of the bearing bushings being sufficiently flexible topermit of this slight tilting movement of the shaft, and the clearancearound the armature being also sufficient for this purpose. The armaturemay be easily removed. To do this the pulley p is removed from thearmature shaft, the driving pulley being preferably also removed. Thepedestal O is then detached from the base and removed, whereupon thearmature, commutator and shaft can be drawn out on the axial linewithout disturbing the field-magnet or the regulator.

The line circuit is connected with positive and negative binding postsfixed to the pedestal 0, as shown in Fig. 2. From these posts all theelectrical connections of the machine are made within the pedestal O andthe base A, except where the flexible cables in to pass out of the pedcstal to connect with the commutator brushes, as shown in Figs. 1, 8 and9. The electrical circuit connections are thus so protected as to besafe from injury, while reducing to a minimum the risk incurred by theattendant.

The armature is supported upon a two-part spider V V, as shown in Figs.20 and 21. The spider V is formed integrally with a hub 10 formed onopposite sides with sleeves w and 10 This hub is mounted on the shaft K,being keyed thereto by a long key or spline. The spider V is formed witha hub U which fits over the sleeve to. The two spiders have theirflattened spokes formed with seats 1) for carrying the wire wound coreof the armature, these seats being provided with overhanging ends orhooks b (Fig. 21) as usual. The two spiders V V are formed on theirabutting faces with webs w" 20" respectively, and when drawn togetherare fastened by passing screws through one web into the other, as shownin Fig. 3. The seats I) on each spider are alternately constructed toproject and recede, the projections being indicated at b and therecesses at Z). By this construction the joints in the seats where thetwo spiders come together are alternated so as to break joints insteadof coming all in one plane as heretofore. The disadvantage of the oldconstruction is that some of the wires of the core are liable to beunsupported and to drop into the space between the two spiders, anaccident which is rendered impossible by my improved construction.

The eommutator E is self-contained, all its parts being mounted on ashell 6 formed with an internal sleeve which sleeve slides over and fitsupon the sleeve 10 of the armature spider, as shown in dotted lines inFig. 21. The commutator is keyed'to the armature spider so as to rotatetherewith, by means of an inserted key or block m, and is held thereonso as to prevent its slipping off longitudinally by screws Z screwinginto the material of the sleeve 10 with their heads overlapping the endsof the. commutator sleeve 6 By means of this relative construction ofthe armature spider and commutator base, the armature and commutatorafter being connected together are practically self-contained, so thatthey may be together removed from the armature shaft and shipped awayfor repairs. The circuit connections between the commutator segments andthe armature coils are not affected by the act of either removing thearmature and commutator from the shaft, or replacing them upon theshaft. The segments and coils may thus be connected up before thearmature is mounted upon the shaft, which is an important advantage forlarge and heavy armatures.

The improved regulator provided by my present invention has proveditself in practical use to operate to great perfection, the clutches N gand N i being found to operate more perfectly as their frictionalsurfaces become worn down by use, instead of being impaired by wear ashas been the case with previous regulators employing friction clutchesor gearing. A practically important detail of these clutches consists inthe formation of radial slots or grooves i in the frictional surfaces ofthe cones N N as best shown in Fig. 13, whereby any particles of grit ordust that may find their way between the frictional surfaces are causedto work out, escaping through these slots.

Almost the entire regulator mechanism is inclosed within the pedestal,where it is protected against injury and tampering, only those partsrequiring examination or attention being arranged upon the outside ofthe pedestal, such as the magnet M, the adjusting nut S, the stop P, andthe driving belt and pulleys. In case it becomes necessary to get accessto the inclosed parts, it is only necessary to remove one orboth of twohand-hole covers W 37 which are applied on opposite sides of thepedestal 0. One of these covers is shown in cross-section in Fig. 15,and an inside view of the cover removed is shown in Fig. 16. Each coveris formed with two bottom lugs y which are adapted to engage and partlyoverhang the margins of the hand-hole, as shown by the oblique sectionFig. 17. These lugs serve to properly position the hand-hole covers inapplying them, and when put in place they are locked fast by turning aknob XV, the spindle of which passes through the cover, and has fixedupon its inner end a crossbar or bolt \V (Fig. 16) which is thus turnedto a transverse position, as shown in dotted lines in that figure, sothat its ends engage the inner surfaces of the wall of the pedesdal atthe margin of the hand-hole, as shown in Fig. 15.

My improved regulator is found in practice to be absolutely deadbeatthat is, it brings the brushes each time to the exact position onthe commutator required to com pensate for any variation from the normalcurrent, without at any time carrying them too far, or causing anysee-saw back and forth across the correct position. This desirableresult is attained without any sacrifice in the rapidity of action ofthe regulator, which is found to operate with the same quickness as theregulators of my former are machines.

In case it becomes necessary to take the field-magnet apart, the sidebars or cores may be disconnected from the base A by removing the screwsm (Fig. which enter the threaded holes in the lower end of the coreshown in Figs. 22 and 23. The armature and shaft having previously beenremoved, the field-magnet cores and uppercross head may now be liftedoff. In so doing the lower coils B B would remain resting on the base,were not some special means provided for fastening them to the cores.This means consists of the construction shown in Figs. 22 and 23. Two(or more) screws Ware screwed into the opposite sides of the core sothat their projecting heads shall on the outer sides project beyond thesides of the core, and in so doing shall underlie the lower head orplate 77: of the spool supporting the lower coil.

It must not be inferred from the particularity of detail with which Ihave described the preferred form and construction in which my presentinvention is embodied that my invention is necessarily limited to suchdetails,since in fact the construction maybe considerably varied withoutdeparting from the essential features of my invention. Those parts orfeatures of my invention which I believe to be new and essential arehereinafter defined in the claims.

It will be understood that my invention is not confined to the use of anelectro-magnet or solenoid as the device for controlling the currentregulator, but that any electro-motive device responding to currentchanges may be employed. It will also be understood that in lieu of theparticular mechanism for communicating motion from the clutches to thebrush yokes which I have shown and described, any other suitable orequivalent brush shifting mechanism may be substituted. It is notabsolutely essential to my present invention that this brush shiftingmechanism shall be divided by the disconnecting device consisting of thewheels 0 b and interposed pawls d and c (which constitute the subject ofone of my aforesaid patcuts) or by any other equivalent separatingdevice, such separation forming no part of my present invention. Thebrush shifting mechanism is that portion of the mechanism between thedriven members of the clutches and the brushes or brush yokes by whichmovementis communicated from the clutches to the brushes. As part ofthis mechanism the rods h h may be substituted by any other equivalentconnnectors. It will be understood that as for the lever Q, itsoperation and capabilities would be the same if the slot j in each armwere extended into the hole or socketj, as indicated in Fig. 10, makingone long slot in each arm instead of a shorter slot and separate hole.The lever Q, might be variously otherwise arranged, it not beingstrictly essential that its arms shall project in opposite directions asshown, provided otherwise the same essential movements are imparted tothe brush yolces, and the same essential capabilities of adjustment andin some cases of reversal are attained. Other purely structural ormechanical modifications in great number might be suggested.

I claim as my invention the following-defined novelfeatures,'substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:

1. The combination in a dynamo having movable commutator brushes, of acurrent regulator consisting of a clutch driven shaft f, a brushshifting mechanism connecting said shaft to the brushes to move thelatter, the driven members N N of two clutches fixed on said shaft,driving clutch-wheels g 2', a continuously revolving shaft 19 having apinion a driving the clutch-wheel a secondary shaft 0" having a pinion rdriven from the shaft 19, and a pinion 0' driving the other cIutch-wheel1', said pinions being relatively proportioned to drive the clutch wheel'11 more rapidly than the clutch-wheel g.

2. The combination in a dynamo having commutator brushes carried by amovable yoke, of a current regulator consisting of an electro-motivedevice responding to current changes, and a brush-shifting mechanismcontrolled by the electrou'notive device, and comprising a driven shaft,a lever geared to said shaft to be oscillated thereby, and a mechanicalconnector between said lever and brush yoke, by which the movement iscommunicated to the latter, said connector constructed to belongitudinally adjustable, whereby to vary the position of the brusheson the commutator.

3. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carried by two movable yokes, of a current regulator consistingof an electro-motive device responding to current changes, and abrush-shifting mechanism, controlled by the electro -motive device, andcomprising a driven shaft, a lever geared to said shaft to be oscillatedthereby, and mechanical connectors between the opposite arms of saidlever and the respective brush yokes.

at. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carried by two movable yokes, of a current regulator consistingof an electro-motive de vice responding to current changes, and a brushshifting mechanism, controlled by the electro-motive device, andcomprising ,a driven shaft, a lever geared to said shaft to beoscillated thereby, and mechanical connectors between the opposite armsof said lever and the respective brush yokes, connected to therespective arms at different distances from the lever axis tocommunicate differential movements to the two yokes.

5. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes IIO carried by two movable yokes, of a current regulatorconsisting of an electro-motive device responding to current changes,and a brush-shifting mechanism, controlled by the electro-motive device,and comprising a driven shaft, a lever geared to said shaftto beoscillated thereby, and two rods jointed at one end to the opposite armsof the lever, and at their opposite ends to the respective brush yokes.

6. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carried by two movable yokes, of a current regulator consistingof an electro-motive device responding; to current changes, and abrush-shifting mechanism, controlled by the electro-motive device, andcomprising a driven shaft, a lever geared to said shaft to be oscillatedthereby, and two rods jointed at one end to the opposite arms of thelever, and at their opposite ends to the respective brush yokes,andthelever constructed to admit one of the rods to be adjusted relativelyto the other to varying distances from the lever axis, whereby the speedratio of the respective yokes may be varied.

'7 The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carrled by two movable yokes, of a current regulator consistingof an electromotive device responding to current changes, and abrush-shifting mechanism controlled by the electro-motive device, andcomprising a lever Q, and two rods jointed to the opposite arms of thelever and connected to the respective brush yokes, the lever constructedwith a socket j in one arm for connection with the rod leading to onebrush yoke, and with a slot j in the opposite arm for adjustableconnection with the rod leading to the other yoke.

8. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carried by two movable yokes, of a current regulator consistingof an eleotro-motive device responding to current changes, and abrush-shifting mechanism controlled by the electro-motive device, andcomprising a lever Q, and two rods jointed to the opposite arms of thelever and connected to the respective lo'rush yokes, theleverconstructed with duplicate slots in its opposite arms adapted to admitthe connection of the respective rods at unequal distances from thelever axis to communicate differential movements to the yokes, whilepermitting the adjustment of one connection relatively to the other forvarying the speed ratio of the yokes, and to admit the reversal of theconnection of the rods with the respective arms, the one connectedfarthest from the axis being adjusted inwardly and the other outwardlyto reverse the differential movements.

9. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carried by two movable yokes, and a current regulator comprisingan electro-motive device and brush-shifting mechanism for impartingdifferential movements to the respective yokes, of means for enablingthe direction of rotation of the armature to be reversed at will,consisting of detachable and reversible connectors forming part of thebrush-shifting mechanism, and constructed to permit the brush yokes tobe disconnected and swung to opposite positionscorresponding to theopposite rotation of the armature, and to be then reconnected with thebrush-shifting mechanism in inverse order so as to maintain afterreversal the same relative differential movements of the respectiveyokes.

10. The combination in a dynamo having main and supplemental commutatorbrushes carried by two movable yokes, and a current regulator comprisingan electro-motive device and brush'shifting mechanism for impartingdifferential movements to the respective yokes, of means for enablingthe direction of rotation of the armature to be reversed at will,consisting of detachable arms a n connected to the respective yokes, androds h h constituting part of the brush-shifting mechanism, and theyokes constructed to admit of the attachment of said arms to them indifferent positions, whereby the arms may be detached from the yokes,the yokes swung to opposite positions, and the arms reattached.

11. In a dynamo, having main and supplemental commutator brushes carriedby two movable yokes, and a current regulator comprising anelectro-motive device and brushshifting mechanism for impartingdifferential movements to the respective yokes, the combination of theyokes II H each constructed with two screw sockets, detachable arms n 01adapted to screw into either of said sockets, and filling screws o o forclosing the unoccupied sockets.

12. In a dynamo having a base and bearing pedestals mounted thereon,having bearings for the armature shaft, a current regulator for shiftingthe commutator brushes comprising opposite clutches and connectinggearing housed within one of said pedestals, and mechanical connectionsbetween the driven members of such clutches and the brush-yokes, carriedby said pedestal.

13. In a dynamo having a base A and hearing pedestals O O mountedthereon, a current regulator for shifting the commutator brushescomprising opposite clutches housed within the pedestal O, andmechanical connections between the driven members of such clutches andthe brush yokes comprising gearing and a shaft J having hearings in saidpedestal, and a lever Q having a bearing upon the exterior of saidpedestal.

14. In a dynamo having a base A and bearing pedestals O O mountedthereon, a current regulator for shifting the commutator brushescomprising opposite clutches housed within the pedestal O, andmechanical connections between the driven members of such clutches andthe brush yokes carried by said pedestal, and a separate pedestal Rwithin the pedestal O affording bearings for the clutches.

15. In a dynamo having a base A and hearing pedestals O O mountedthereon, a current regulator for shifting the commutator brushescomprising shafts p and 1", two opposite clutches, a driven shaftf,housed in the hollow pedestal O and mechanical connections between thelatter shaft and the brush yokes, and a pedestal R within the pedestalO, and providing bearings for said shafts p r and f.

16. In a dynamo having a base A and bearing pedestals O O mountedthereon, a current regulator comprising opposite clutches and connectinggearing housed within the pedestal O, a clutch-lever I for operatingsaid clutches also housed within said pedestal, a controlling magnet Moutside the pedestal, and mechanical connections between said magnet andclutch lever passing through the pedestal.

17. In a dynamo having a base A and hearing pedestals O O mountedthereon, a current regulator comprising opposite clutches and connectinggearing housed within the pedestal O, a clutch lever I for operatingsaid clutches also housed within said pedestal, a controlling magnetoutside the pedestal, an elbow-lever L passing through said pedestal,and a link Z for connecting with said clutch lever.

18. In a dynamo having a base A and bearing pedestals O O mountedthereon, a current regulator comprising opposite clutches and connectinggearing housed within the pedestal O, a clutch lover I for operatingsaid clutches also housed within said pedestal, a controlling magnet Mmechanically connected to said clutch lever, a retracting spring withinthe pedestal connected to said clutch lever, and an adjusting device forsaid spring outside the pedestal.

19. In a dynamo having a base A and bearing pedestals 0 O, a currentregulator comprising opposite clutches and connecting gearing housedwithin the pedestal O, a clutch leverI within the pedestal, acontrolling magnet M outside the pedestal, mechanical connectionsbetween said magnet and lever, comprising a lever L passing through thepedestal, and a bearing block t fastened to the pedestal formed withopposite stops to limit the movement of said lever L, and formed withbearings to which said lever L is pivoted.

20. In a dynamo, a current regulator comprising opposite clutches andbrush-shifting mechanism driven thereby, a clutch-lever I for operatingsaid clutches, an adjustable retracting spring S controlling the magnetM having an armature M, mechanical connections between said armature andlover I, said connections comprising a lever L, and a spring 8 pressingupwardly against said lever L to counterbalance the weight of the leverand armatifre,

21. In a dynamo, the combination with a current regulator of the classwherein a shifting mechanism is connected to a source of power by theaction of an electro-motive device against a retractile force, of amovable stop constructed as a hook P adapted to engage a projection 25connected with the electro-motive device, and thereby to resist theretractile force to hold the dynamo out of action, and unbalanced so asto fall out of engagement when the electro motive device overcomes theretractile force.

22. In a dynamo, in combination with a current regulator for shiftingthe commutator brushes wherein the brush-shifting mechanism iscontrolled by an electro-magnet acting against a retractile force, alever L connected to said magnet having a projection t, a bearing blockt, and a gravity hook P pivoted to said bearing block, and adapted whenturned up to engage said projection.

23. In a dynamo, a current regulator comprising opposite clutchesconsisting each of a driving and driven part, the one constructed as awheel with an internal coned flange and the other as a disk with anexternal cone fitting in said flange, said externally coned disk beingformed with radial slots 2.

24. In a dynamo havinga current regulator partly housed within one ofthe bearing pedestals, the pedestal O constructed with opposite handholes combined with hand-hole covers WV for closing said holes, andmeans for fastening them to the pedestal.

25. In a dynamo having a current regulator partly housed within one ofthe bearing pedestals, the pedestal O constructed with opposite handholes combined with hand-hole covers IV for closing said holes, eachconstructed with lugs y projecting into the hole, and with a fasteningdevice consisting of a bar V adapted to be turned to engage the marginsof the hole.

26. In a dynamo having the armature shaft K mounted on hearing pedestalsO O, the combination of the brush yokes, a concentric bearing ring a onwhich said yokes are mounted, and the lower half T of the bearing box onthe pedestal O to which said ring is attached independently of thebearing cap, whereby the bearing cap T may be removed without disturbingthe brush yokes.

27. In a dynamo wherein the armature shaft K is supported on bearingpedestals O O, the pedestal 0 formed with the lower half T of thebearing box, the upper half or hearing cap T thereof removably attachedthereto and formed with internal ribs y, an inclosed bearing bushing intwo halves U U supported within the bearing box, and the upper half Uformed with its thrust collar 11, cut away in line with the ribs g onthe bearing cap T to admit the removal of the latter by sliding itendwiso.

28. Ina dynamo having the armature shaft K mounted on hearing pedestalsO O, the combination of the brush yokes, a concentric bearing ring a onwhich said yokes are mounted, and thelower half T of the bearing boxonthe pedestal O to which said ring is attached independently of thebearing cap, whereby the bearing cap T may be removed without disturbingthe brush yokes, and the said ring at having the opening through itupwardly enlarged at :0 to permit the lifting of the shaft as described.

29. An armature comprising a wire wound core and supporting spiders V Vhaving their spokes formed with seats I) for supporting the innersurface of the core, and the respective my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

JAMES J. \VO 0 D.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. FRASER, GEORGE II. FRASER.

